Baton Military - This article may be expanded with text translated from a related article in German. (January 2021) Click [show] for important translation instructions.
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Baton Military
Jean-Baptiste Jordan with his marshal's baton. In 1813, his baton was captured by the British Army after the Battle of Vittoria.
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A ceremonial baton is a short, thick stick-like object, usually of wood or metal, which is traditionally the insignia of a field marshal or similarly high-ranking military officer and is carried as part of their uniform. A baton differs from a swagger stick in that it is thick and imposing without any practical function. Postal workers rest on the ground; No baton. Unlike the imperial scepter crowned with an eagle or globe on one side, the baton is usually flat.
The scepter is often found next to the mace, ancient kings and pharaohs were often buried with ceremonial maces.
Along with primitive body armor, the mace fell out of fashion, but made a comeback as an effective weapon against full plate armor in the late Middle Ages.
By the time of Louis X of France, it was common for sergeants at arms to carry highly decorated ceremonial maces.
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By the 16th century, the war mace had once again been phased out; Replaced by a merely decorated ceremonial version used as a symbol of wealth and power.
As such, only military commanders would carry them, turning maces into symbols of power on the battlefield.
In France, the baton emerged as a symbol of high command in the late Middle Ages. Marshals of France were among the most prominent holders of the baton, but not the only ones until the 18th century. The model of the baton was not regulated until 1758, when a design based on the traditional heraldic emblem of the marshal was introduced by Marshal de Belle-Isle.
This design, a cylindrical object made of wood and covered in blue velvet with gold decoration, survived into the later reigns. However, the decorations changed: fleurs-de-lys during the Bourbon monarchy, eagles under the Bonapartes, and stars during the July and Republican monarchies.
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Imperial field marshals (Reichsgerelle), but especially Imperial field marshals (Reichgeralfeldmarschall) of the army of the Holy Roman Empire of the German nation carried commando batons (Kommandostabbe) and later marshal batons (Marshal batten). Not only Geralissimus Albrecht von Wallstein, Supreme Commander of the Imperial Army, but also Prince Euge of Savoy carried such batons as a symbol of their authority. Field marshals of other German states also received the Farshalstab, a tradition the Prussian Empire was famous for in Germany. When Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, who was also Field Marshal of the Prussian Army, died in 1852, the King of Prussia presented him with a special baton (30 cm long) which was placed in his coffin next to his brilliant marshal's baton. The beautiful batons of the German Imperial Army from 1871 to 1918 are well known.
16 March 1941 Beginning Second from left: Three high-ranking German officers with their batons (left to right: Erich Rieder; Walther von Bruchts; Wilhelm Keitel.
In Nazi Germany, Geralfeldmarshals and Grand Admirals carried ceremonial batons, typically produced by German jewelers. 25 people were awarded save batons. Hermann Göring won two different styles of baton, the Geralfeldmarschall and the Reichsmarschall, for his promotions.
All batons except Erich Ryder were designed in a similar way: shafts decorated with iron crosses and Wehrmacht eagles. Luftwaffe (Air Force) shafts featured a balcreze ("cross beam"), while Kriegsmarine (Navy) shafts featured anchors. The ends of the batons were decorated with ornate caps.
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The first [Russian] field marshal's baton, the insignia of this high military rank, was awarded to Count Fedor Golovin in 1700. In the 19th century, during the reign of Alexander I of Russia (1801–1825), not four Russian generals and the Duke of Wellington received the prestigious baton. Six were awarded during the reign of Nicholas I of Russia (1825–1855), and another six were issued under Alexander II of Russia (1855–1881). No field marshals were appointed during the reign of Alexander III of Russia (1881–1894), and only four batons were awarded during the reign of Nicholas II of Russia (1894–1917), the last Royal Highness King Karl I of Romania. In 1912.—-Christie's 2004 Staff in the United Kingdom[edit]
The Duke of Wellington held several batons, as he held the rank of field marshal or equivalent in eight European armies and was given a baton by each of them. In addition to his Glish baton he received two British batons.
Nine batons (along with some staff) are on display at his former home, Apsley House (a Russian baton was stolen on 9 December 1965 and never recovered).
A baton sometimes appears in heraldry as an armistice awarded by a field marshal upon receiving a position of importance or honor. In England and Wales, batons are usually shown behind a coat of arms crossed in saltire, although in practice the only holder of this achievement is the Duke of Norfolk as Earl Marshal. This field marshal's baton was presented to the future Duke of Wellington for military success against Napoleon's forces in Spain. It was the first field marshal's baton awarded to a British general and began a tradition that continues to this day.
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Marshal Jordan, who was a general in the French army under Joseph Bonaparte, King of Spain, was defeated at the Battle of Vitoria on the 21st.
June, 1813. Among other trophies (the colors of the 100th French regiment, 143 brass guns, and more), was Marshal Jordan's baton, sent by the Duke of Wellington to the Prince Regent, from whom his Grace received the following letter, dated Carlton House, 3rd July, 1813. :
"Your glorious conduct is beyond all human praise and beyond my reward. I know no language worthy of expression to the world. I think I have nothing left to say but to pray gratefully to Providence who in her almighty bounty has blessed my country and myself with such a general. granted. You send me, among the jewels of your incomparable fame, to the Marshal Staff of France, and in return I send you an England. The British Army will applaud it with rapturous enthusiasm, while the whole universe will recognize the mighty feats which have so ruthlessly called for it. Continued health and May ever-increasing glory crown you in life's glorious and long career, are the eternal and most fervent wishes,
His Royal Highness, George Augustus Frederick, Regent of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Arthur, Marquess of Wellington KG, Field Marshal of England. 1813. Ex
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The commander's baton has remote origins and can be traced back to Egyptian and Roman art. In Europe they differed from those who received Roman counsel. Wellington was the first baton awarded to a British commander. British field marshals were not carried away, so the award reflects the importance of his performance in the Peninsular War (1807-14). It was designed by the Prince Regent and topped with a figure of St George slaying a dragon, red instead of blue, based on the French baton.
Vittoria was a turning point in defeating Napoleon's ambitions not only in the Peninsular War but throughout Europe. After Napoleon's defeat, news of Wellington's victory reached the Prussian-Russian alliance and contributed to Austria's decision to resume war against France, leading to Napoleon's defeat and abdication in 1814.
Field Marshal or its equivalent was among the many honors bestowed on Wellington in the armies of eight nations: British, Austrian, Hanoverian, Dutch, Portuguese, Prussian, Russian and Spanish. Each nation gave him a baton as a symbol of his rank.
In addition to the original baton, he was subsequently awarded two more British batons. All surviving batons are on display at Apsley House, the Duke's former home in London. The Russian baton was stolen from Apsley House in 1965 and has never been recovered. A baton (also called a truncheon or nightstick) is a simple cylindrical club made of wood, rubber, plastic, or metal. It is carried as a compliance weapon and a defensive weapon
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A baton can be used as a weapon in many ways. Can be used defensively to block; Resist a strike, sting or bludgeon; And can be useful for applying arm locks. The ordinary striking or boring action is not by a simple and direct blow, as with an ordinary blunt object, but by bringing the hand down quickly, allowing the truncheon to swing almost freely forwards and downwards, moving its tip much faster than it should. Handling The baton is also used for non-weapon purposes such as breaking windows or twisting to free persons trapped in a vehicle.
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